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Prepress knowledge: matters needing attention in the use of film
In the process of printing, phototypesetting film is a commonly used material. To ensure quality and efficiency, it's important to follow these key guidelines when handling this film:
1. While general photographic film can be handled in normal indoor lighting, it's still crucial to strictly adhere to operating procedures. Load the film into the film cassette as specified, secure the cover, and tighten the screws on both sides of the top (ensuring balance on both sides). Then remove the protective film guide so that the edges of the film at the exit are parallel, with a width of about 1.5–2 cm. The bottom of the cassette prevents the film from slipping out.
2. Before using each batch of film, perform tests for basic density and dot linearity. Based on the results, adjust parameters like laser focus, exposure, development temperature, and fixing time. This ensures standardized and scientific production, reducing the risk of defective outputs.
- Film density has two main components: low density and high density. Low density refers to the density of unexposed areas after development, typically around 0.05. The lower the value, the clearer the image and better the print quality. High density is the solid density at 100% exposure. For coated paper, the required high density is usually between 3.5 and 4.5. On newsprint or offset paper, due to higher ink absorption and faster printing speeds, the high density may be slightly reduced.
- Linearity ensures that the dot percentages set on the computer are accurately reflected on the printed film. For example, a 50% halftone should appear as 50% on the film, with an error margin of no more than 1%. Otherwise, the printed image may become distorted, especially in four-color printing. Because development and fixing conditions can vary, it's essential to check linearity daily.
3. Adjust the concentration and temperature of the developer and fixer solutions.
- When using a domestic developer like Abbey SH-1000, dilute it to a ratio of 1:4 to 1:3. If the temperature is too high, the solution may evaporate quickly, leading to fogging and poor density. The recommended temperature is 34–36°C. Once the temperature stabilizes, measure the density and check linearity.
- For the fixer solution, a typical dilution ratio is 1:4. Too high a temperature can cause the fixer to degrade rapidly, resulting in excessive haze and poor density. It may also damage the film by causing scratches. The ideal temperature is 28–32°C, with a fixing time of 30–35 seconds.
4. Laser phototypesetting film includes an anti-halo layer. During fixing and washing, some of this layer may detach, forming light blue spots on the film base. Adding a small amount of hardener to the fixer solution can help prevent this. Keep the washing tank clean, drain and dry the water tank daily, and wipe it with clean gauze. Before adding new water, let it drain to remove impurities. At least once a week, thoroughly clean the water roller to maintain optimal performance.