Analysis of the working principle of multi-protocol label switching technology

We decompose the multi-protocol label switching technology into a few main elements, hoping to help you understand how this technology works. And in order to facilitate understanding, we will use an interesting metaphor to describe the working principle of multi-protocol label switching network.

The packet will be like a candy sandwich

Fundamentally speaking, multi-protocol label switching is an effective way to forward and transfer data packets, and these two elements are also the basis on which data can be transmitted on the Internet. The data packet consists of two main parts: one is the header, which can tell the network where to send the data packet and how to send the data packet to the destination; the other is the payload, that is, the data itself. In a network without multi-protocol label switching, the router must analyze the data header and then determine the route to which the packet should be forwarded before determining the destination of the packet.

We can compare a data packet to a lollipop. The outer layer of the candy is the header, and the inside of the candy is equivalent to the loaded data. Suppose we have a factory that manufactures lollipops. The factory needs to produce various flavors of lollipops, and then pack them into different carton boxes, and then distribute them to retail stores. Suppose the factory owner has designed a candy sorting machine. After this machine produces various flavors of candy, it can be forwarded to the corresponding packaging box according to the taste. In order to determine the taste of each candy, the machine must analyze the elements of the outer layer of the candy and classify each candy according to its different taste characteristics and color markings.

It is conceivable, assuming that there are three different kinds of candy, orange flavor, cherry flavor and strawberry flavor. In the first step of the sorting machine, the color selector determines the color characteristics of the candy through color analysis, and then forwards it to the corresponding packaging box, such as confirming the orange color as orange taste. However, the color picker cannot distinguish the colors of cherry flavor and strawberry flavor, so the two flavors of candy must be forwarded to the next selector in order to analyze the outer characteristics of the candy in a deeper level. Doing so may reduce the efficiency of candy selection, because each selector requires time to analyze the outer layer of the candy.

Multi-protocol label switching

In this case, multi-protocol label switching technology has its place. Unlike the previous analysis of the outer elements of all candies at each selector, the multi-protocol label exchange technology is equivalent to a new sorter, which comprehensively analyzes all the elements of all candies in the initial stage of selecting candies. Analyze and package it. This kind of packaging clearly marks the taste of candy, so it is equivalent to providing a clear sending path for the sorter. Therefore, the machine using this new technology no longer needs to waste time to analyze the chemical composition of candy, just read the label content, and then directly forward it to the appropriate packaging box.

The working principle of multi-protocol label switching technology is similar to the above description. When a data packet is input into a network using multi-protocol label switching technology, the data packet will be routed through a label edge, and the data packet will be affixed to a label stack. The label specifies a forwarding equivalence class for the data packet ( FEC), this forwarding equivalence class will tell each route to which address to send the packet, without the need to analyze the header of the packet. Each tag contains four elements: a 20-bit tag value; a 3-bit traffic category domain, an 8-bit real-time domain duration, and a 1-bit bottom stack flag. The 3-bit traffic class field is used to specify the quality of service, priority, and explicit congestion notification; the length of the real-time field specifies the maximum amount of data packets sent; the bottom stack flag indicates that the last label sent is the stack.

Using this tag technology not only simplifies the process of forwarding data packets, but also helps reduce the pressure on the network to process traffic. Because the multi-protocol label switching technology does not consider the protocol, it can process data packets from ATM, Frame Relay, SONET, or Ethernet. In other words, a network using multi-protocol label switching technology can extract data packets from multiple networks, and then label them, and then forward the data packets to the correct destination based on the label content.

Let's return to the previous candy analogy. Suppose our candy factory A bought another candy company B, and the multi-protocol label exchange technology classifier was put into the production of the new company. Then it is necessary to distinguish the name of the production company of the candy-the sorter based on label edge routing can still properly pack the candy, and then forward it to the final destination.

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