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About one-quarter of the materials that make up bamboo are lignin. The presence of lignin makes the bamboo itself have a color. Moreover, due to the different growth conditions of bamboo, the nutrients and light conditions are very different, and the internal components of the bamboo are not completely consistent. Therefore, the color of the bamboo will vary. In addition, during storage and transportation, light, water immersion and temperature can also cause local discoloration of the bamboo. Therefore, in order to change the color of bamboo, it is mainly to decolorize the lignin in the bamboo and extract the nutrients in the bamboo. Therefore, the bamboo color is consistent and the bamboo appearance quality is improved. For the anti-mildew treatment method, it has been described above, and a brief introduction is given to the bleaching process and mechanism of bamboo.
The bleaching process of bamboo is mainly the treatment of lignin in bamboo. There are two main methods of bleaching, one is bleaching with lignin removal, and the other is bleaching to retain lignin. Generally speaking, the bleaching of lignin removal can obtain a bamboo with high whiteness and stability, while the bleaching of lignin is retained, and the effect of achieving whiteness is worse. In production practice, in fact, these two methods are not absolute, but use each other depending on the process. Below, we introduce several commonly used methods of bamboo bleaching for readers' reference.
1. H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) bleaching method
Hydrogen peroxide is oxidizing and reductive, and is a strong oxidant in acidic media or alkaline valence. When hydrogen peroxide encounters a stronger oxidant, it can also act as a reducing agent in acidic or alkaline media. By utilizing this characteristic of hydrogen peroxide, a part of the lignin in the bamboo can be removed, and nutrients such as protein, sugar and starch in the bamboo can be extracted, and the surface of the bamboo becomes white.
Hydrogen peroxide bleaching is a very widely used method of bamboo bleaching. Many places have accumulated a lot of experience in production practice. According to the bleaching temperature and the concentration of the bleaching liquid, it is generally classified into four types: cold bleaching, hot bleaching, concentrated bleaching and light bleaching. The cold drift method is carried out at room temperature. Its advantage is that it is easy to operate and has no special requirements on equipment. The disadvantage is that the bleaching time is longer and the productivity is improved. The thermal bleaching method requires heating equipment for the solution, and the bleaching is required. The time is short, the bleaching effect is good, but the cost is higher. The temperature of the thermal drift generally varies depending on the thickness and shape of the product, and is controlled below 75 ° C. The temperature is too high, which accelerates the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide; concentrated bleaching: hydrogen peroxide used in industry. The concentration is generally 36%, and the concentration of bleach refers to hydrogen peroxide. The bleach is used directly without dilution with water. With this bleaching method, a good surface bleaching effect can be obtained in a short period of time. However, this method consumes more hydrogen peroxide, and the durability of the bamboo product after bleaching is poor; the light bleaching method is a process in which the industrial hydrogen peroxide is diluted before performing the bleaching operation. This method of bleaching takes a little longer. However, due to its long effect on bamboo products, the deep bleaching effect is better, the durability of the bleached product is better, and the cost is lower, especially when it is treated by pyrogen.
The bamboo product is bleached using hydrogen peroxide, and an additive may be appropriately added in order to enhance the bleaching performance of the drug. Currently, commonly used additives are sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide. The additive may be used alone or in the addition of hydrogen peroxide during use. In the solution, the additive is generally added in an amount of 0.5% to 1% of the total amount of the solution.
Mastering the bleaching time is the key to good bleaching quality. The specific time can be flexibly determined according to different ambient temperature (or solution temperature) and product quality requirements. In general, 5% to 10% hydrogen peroxide is used. The bleaching solution heats the product to 70 ° C for bleaching, and the time can be controlled within 10-30 minutes. If the product is bleached with a solution of 10% to 20%, the bleaching time is between 10 and 20 hours at a normal temperature of 20 °C.
The container used for the bleaching liquid can be flexibly selected according to the size and length of the bamboo product. It can be used with porcelain cylinders or acid-proof plastic drums. Long and large products can be used in cement pools. No matter which container is used for bleaching, bleaching liquid should be fully immersed in the product to ensure that the bleached products are even and fully Bleaching. In the bleaching process, it is advisable to cover the bleaching with a lid to reduce environmental pollution.
Since hydrogen peroxide has strong oxidizing and reducing properties, do not directly contact the solution with the skin during the bleaching operation. If necessary, wear rubber gloves.
Example of bleaching process for hydrogen peroxide:
(1) Hydrogen peroxide cooling mat bamboo silk process: first put the water into the bleaching tank with the acid-proof inner wall, the water volume is about one-third of the pool capacity, and then put the pre-dried bamboo silk. In addition, hydrogen peroxide and sodium pyrophosphate were prepared in a porcelain jar. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide (industrial) was 36%. The weight ratio is clear water: hydrogen peroxide: sodium pyrophosphate, 100:5-10:0.5-1. Pour into the bleach bath after it has dissolved. Or according to experience, the bamboo wire will be placed in the bleaching pool and the water will be covered with bamboo. The amount of hydrogen peroxide is approximately 12-15 kg of sodium pyrophosphate 1-1.5 kg per 10,000 bamboo filaments. In order to prevent the bamboo wire from floating out of the water, the wooden block can be thickened on the top. The bleach is heated to 72-76 ° C with steam, and then naturally cooled to normal temperature. The bleaching liquid is drained, and the bamboo silk is drained and sent to a manual drying chamber for drying. The advantage of the process is that the bamboo whiteness is high, the surface color is relatively uniform and long-lasting, and the insect-proof and mildew-proof effect is also good. The disadvantage is the high cost, the need to build a bleaching tank with an acid-proof inner wall and the purchase of a steam supply boiler.
(2) Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) two-liquid cold-dried bamboo raft process: two solutions are prepared, the first solution is 1% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution, and the second liquid is 20% concentration. Aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution. Firstly, the bamboo stalk is placed in the first solution for 2 to 4 hours (specific time, depending on the temperature, the liquid temperature is 20 ° C for 3 hours), and then the bamboo bacteria are transferred to the second solution, that is, hydrogen peroxide. Soak in the liquid for 4-8 hours (about 6 hours at 20 °C), then take out the product from the solution and dry it or send it to a manual dryer for drying. This process is easy to operate and has a good bleaching effect.
2. Oxalic acid [(COOH) 2 · 2H 2 O] bleaching method: oxalic acid is a colorless crystal. Soluble in water at room temperature. Oxalic acid is also a very strong redox agent.
The process of bleaching bamboo products with oxalic acid is extremely simple, and the container used is the same as the hydrogen peroxide bleaching method.
Since 1987, the wood-based panel factory and the craft bamboo weaving factory of Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province have used oxalic acid to bleach the veneer used for the veneer plywood. The bamboo raft treated by this process is not only white, but also There have never been any insects and mildews. In November 1988, this process, together with the production process of bamboo plywood, was approved by the Provincial Forestry Department to organize experts from both inside and outside the province. The finished bamboo tape produced by this process has been widely used in construction, furniture and packaging. Many industries. In 1989 and 1991, he won the title of Excellent New Product of Jiangxi Province and Ministry of Light Industry, and won the Silver Medal of International Packaging Expo and the title of Jiangxi Province Quality Product.
The formulation and operation method using oxalic acid bleaching is as follows: 1% oxalic acid crystals and 0.5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are added to the water to prepare a sodium oxalate mixture. Soak the bamboo stalks in the mixture for 10 to 16 hours, then pick up the bamboo rafts and rinse them thoroughly with water, dry or artificially dry.
When bleaching with oxalic acid mixture, pay attention to the following items: 1 The liquid should be immersed in bamboo rafts or other bamboo products, and must be turned 2-4 times in the middle to make the surface of the bamboo products fully contact with the liquid; 2 drugs The liquid can be used repeatedly, but it is necessary to add a proper amount of medicine according to the concentration of the liquid to maintain the prescribed concentration; 3 the length of bleaching time. It can be flexibly controlled according to the temperature of the liquid medicine and the number of bamboo rafts and the number of tumbling. Bleaching time should not be too long, cleaning must be thorough, otherwise the role of the drug will destroy the bamboo fiber, affecting the mechanical strength of the product; 4 oxalic acid is toxic to the human body, the liquid should not touch the skin and clothing during operation. The bleached bamboo product must be washed thoroughly to allow the surface residue to be washed away. For toothpicks, bamboo chopsticks and other products, it is not appropriate to use this process; 5 bleached bamboo rafts have anti-insect and anti-mildew effects, no need to prevent insects and mildew.
3. Sulfur-smoke bleaching method: Put bamboo stalks or other bamboo products soaked in clean water in a closed sulfur bleaching room, ignite sulfur with wood carbon, let it burn slowly, rely on the smoke generated by sulfur burning, and bamboo The product is white. The amount of sulphur is about 0.3 kg to 0.5 kg per ton of product. The use of this bleaching process requires attention to maintain the humidity in the bleaching chamber. A conditional factory can pass a small amount of steam during the bleaching process. The steaming time is after the sulfur is burned out and the bamboo products are kept in the smoke bleaching chamber for more than 2 hours. After the smoked bleaching, the product does not need to be rinsed, and can be directly dried.
In order to ensure the required whiteness of the product, any product bleached with hydrogen peroxide or oxalic acid mixture can be further bleached by sulfur fuming.
The bamboo product after the bleaching treatment by the above method generally has the effect of preventing insects and mildew, and it is not necessary to perform other protective treatment. At present, some export products require foreigners to maintain the natural color of bamboo. For such products, there is no need to carry out expensive bleaching treatment, and only need to be treated with insect and mildew. Some products, such as bamboo chipboard, do not need to be costly bleached. They can meet the user's requirements for product performance by using special bamboo insect and mildewproofing agents to prevent insects and mildew.
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Several formulations and methods of bamboo bleaching
Bamboo bleaching
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