The cell cycle is divided into four periods. M phase (M is an abbreviation for mitosis "mitosis"), chromatin is condensed into chromosomes, the two chromatins that make up the chromosome are separated and enter two daughter cells; in G1 phase (G is the gap "Abbreviation of" gap "), the cell either develops in the direction of DNA synthesis, enters the next cell division cycle, or reversibly exits the cell cycle, stays in the Go phase (quiescent phase of cell division), or irreversibly enters the differentiation phase, in the G1 phase There are some check points, which have the effect of controlling the progress of the cell cycle cycle, determining whether the cell re-enters the cell cycle or exits the cell cycle for differentiation; immediately after the G1 phase is the S phase, which is the DNA synthesis phase, and DNA is in this period Replication; S phase is followed by G2 phase, which is the preparation stage before cell division. In the stage of DNA synthesis, the C2 stage controls the integrity of DNA and ensures the completion of DNA repair in the cell cycle.If the DNA cannot be repaired Apoptosis occurs in cells. Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death [al-Rubeai and Singh, 1998], is a controlled physiological process to eliminate abnormal and damaged cells in a population. Features include DNA Fragmentation degradation, nucleus vesicularization, cell shrinkage, etc. Some labeling enzymes can also be measured by kits such as Apotag (Oncor), or analyzed by COMET to identify apoptosis [Maskell and Green, 1995]
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