ELISA kit, biomedical experiment

In the early research process, at least we have made some progress on the experimental principle, but despite our best efforts to develop a plug-and-read technology based on EIA technology to diagnose pregnancy based on color changes, we still failed . Compressing many necessary reagents onto a test strip, and standardizing the reaction process on the template, it seems that many technical problems need to be solved at that time. In fact, when the Oranon team discovered the invention of the sol particle immunoassay (SPIA) technology, it became feasible to rely on color changes to diagnose pregnancy problems. Summing up the previous research experience, we changed the original research direction. Such as the endocrine field (our goal is to directly compete with RIA), the field of infectious diseases. Hepatitis B was initially tested. This area has been explored since the Australian anti-hepatitis B virus infection was discovered as a marker in previous years.

At the same time, we also learned from Engvall and Perlmann and subsequent scholars on ELISA and EIA research, and our main research areas are bacteria, parasites and viruses, especially London Voller, Bidwell and the Dutch National Public Health The work done by Ruitenberg. The methods used in the field at that time, such as immunofluorescence, serum agglutination experiments, and complement binding experiments, were relatively awkward. In comparison, the simplicity of ELISA and EIA methods determined that it would be able to develop rapidly in the diagnosis of a wide range of microbial infections. It can be quickly accepted by everyone, and it has promoted the establishment of a reliable diagnostic method for infectious diseases in many biomedical laboratories and third-world countries.

At the time, this method was limited to a few highly specialized laboratories. Voller and Bidwell first used 96-well microplates for EIA / ELISA experiments, which is now the prototype of the widely used ELISA kit, which also triggered the first wave of immunoassay automation. We also used this method in Oranon to detect hepatitis B and other blood donation screening programs.

The RIA method entered the application fields of endocrinology and oncology early and matured. Its accuracy and sensitivity also surpassed the recently emerging EIA and ELISA technology, and many laboratories have been equipped with radionuclide related equipment. And they are used to working with them, and they have not realized the advantages of non-isotopic detection. It is automation that has changed these. RIA automation involves the problem of container and waste disposal caused by radioisotopes, while EIA and ELISA make it possible for a fully automated random access immunoassay system, which is the endeavor of diagnostic instrument manufacturers in the 1980s The direction of development. This has led to many low-cost, simple equipment, and highly reliable immunochemical diagnostic methods from professional radioactive laboratories into general chemical laboratories. EIA and ELISA have therefore found his application areas beyond the diagnosis of infectious diseases.

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