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ELISA kit can not ignore the details
The ELISA kit, also known as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, is a widely used diagnostic tool in biopharmaceutical facilities and medical laboratories. This technique combines specific antigen-antibody interactions with enzyme-catalyzed reactions to detect and quantify target molecules. The process involves labeling either an antigen or antibody with an enzyme, which does not interfere with the specificity of the immune reaction or the enzyme's activity. Due to its cost-effectiveness, high accuracy, and rapid results, ELISA is ideal for large-scale screening, especially in food safety testing and clinical diagnostics.
There are three key principles that must be followed when using an ELISA kit:
1. The antigen or antibody must be able to adsorb onto the surface of a solid support, such as a microplate, while retaining its immunological activity.
2. The antigen or antibody must be covalently linked to an enzyme, forming an enzyme-conjugated complex that maintains both its immunoreactivity and enzymatic function.
3. Once the enzyme-conjugate binds to its corresponding antigen or antibody, the presence of an immune reaction can be detected through a color change caused by the substrate. The intensity of the color is directly proportional to the concentration of the target molecule in the sample. A standard curve is then created using known concentrations, allowing for accurate quantification of unknown samples.
Proper execution of these steps ensures reliable and reproducible results, making ELISA one of the most popular techniques in modern biochemistry and immunology. Whether you're working in a research lab or a quality control setting, understanding these fundamentals is essential for successful ELISA experiments.