Using 454 technology to sequence the whole genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to effectively track the spread of the epidemic

As we all know, most of tuberculosis is a pulmonary infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the lungs, and has become a serious threat to human health. World Health Organization (WHO) statistics show that 8 to 10 million tuberculosis cases occur each year in the world, and about 3 million people die each year from tuberculosis, the single infectious disease that causes the most deaths. In 1993, the WHO declared a "global emergency state of tuberculosis" and believed that tuberculosis has become an important public health problem worldwide. China is one of the countries with the worst tuberculosis epidemic in the world.

However, bacteria have also been in the process of continuous mutation and evolution. To be correct, it is necessary to know the accurate typing of bacteria. Traditional bacterial typing technology only detects certain genes of bacteria. When outbreaks of infectious diseases often lack more specific information, so now that the cost of genome-wide sequencing continues to decline, researchers are also trying to use the new generation The detection technology classifies the bacteria to find out the spread pattern and probability of outbreaks of infectious diseases.

Recently, according to "PLoS Medicine" magazine, some researchers used 454 technology to perform genome-wide sequencing of 86 cases of M. tuberculosis and compared with the results of traditional typing technology. These 86 cases of bacteria were isolated from 2301 tuberculosis patients with two outbreaks in 1997 and 2010. Through the detection results of next-generation sequencing technology, the researchers said that the whole-genome sequencing method revealed that the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from the first combined outbreak did not belong to the recent outbreak of the combined bacilli transmission chain, and the human tuberculosis was estimated through calculation Mycobacteria will mutate every 2.5 years, which means that the time for bacteria to double in the infected population is 22 hours or 400 generations per year. Therefore, only bacterial typing by whole genome sequencing can provide accurate information about tuberculosis Epidemiological information about mycobacterium outbreaks.

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