Digital Workflow and Print Production Integration (1)

In the field of printing production, the application of digital information processing and computer control technologies has become increasingly widespread and in-depth. For some time, people have come into contact with concepts such as "Digital workflow" and "Integration of production processes" and have already made some preliminary attempts.

As a whole concept of contact pre-press processing, printing and post-press processing, “digital workflow” integrates the above three sub-processes into an inseparable system based on digital production control information, making digitalized graphic information complete and accurate. Transfer, and finally processed into a printed product.
The formation and progress of digital workflow in the field of printing industry will inevitably promote the further development of the printing industry in the digital environment, increase its competitive strength, and play an important role in the exchange of information with other areas.

First, the printing process and its accompanying information flow

As we are familiar with, the tasks undertaken by printing technology are mainly twofold:

1. Information dissemination: Through information carriers such as books, publications, and newspapers, the information will be transmitted to the public;
2. Auxiliary processing of consumer products: Printing-related auxiliary processing is provided in the packaging and decorating industry, etc. to provide consumers with beautiful and practical consumer products, to achieve the purpose of beautifying and improving the quality of life.

In general, the printed product needs to be processed through three steps of prepress processing, printing, and postpress processing. To accomplish these tasks efficiently and with high quality, it is necessary to constantly optimize from the technical and managerial level to reduce the consumption of time, materials, manpower, etc., and also reduce the impact of various factors that adversely affect the quality of printed products. Make the production run smoother and the product quality stable at a higher level.

In the production of printing industry, from a technical point of view, there are indeed two kinds of technical information flow, namely: "text and information flow" and "production control information flow." Of course, each company has "non-technical management information flow." "In order to make reasonable arrangements for all aspects of the company. This article focuses on the discussion of the first two kinds of information flow.

Graphical information flow is the information that needs to be printed and transmitted to the public, such as the text, graphics, and images submitted by the customer.

Control information flow is the necessary control information for the correct production and processing of printed products, such as: printed product specification information (layout, dimensions, processing methods, modeling data), quality control information required for printing processing (printer ink control data, Postpress processing data, etc.), equipment scheduling information for printing jobs, etc.


Print production technology has experienced different stages of development, and the expression and relevance of these two types of information flow are also different.

In these two types of information flow, the digitization and digitization of graphic information has gone through a long process. The development of printing plate and printing technology has experienced many stages of pure handwork, chemical/photochemical/mechanical, electronic and digital. Obviously, in the stages of “carving knife+metal plate”, “lead alloy+powder pot (lead and fire)”, “photo and etching solution”, text, graphics, and image information always appear in some physical form, and Non-digitized representation and transmission.


In the evolution of technology, purely mechanical platemaking and printing equipment first appeared instead of manual production, and electronic control machines and digitally controlled plate making, printing, and postpress processing machinery equipment, that is, control information, gradually emerged. Digitization is achieved with the advent and development of numerical control technology.


When it comes to the development of printing technology, people always give priority to the development of related equipment and materials, from "lead and fire" to "light and electricity", and then to "computer-making, printing" as "Coputer To X" technology. These are the results of people's unremitting efforts.

At the stage of photochemistry/chemistry and mechanics, the graphic and textual information is transmitted in the form of manuscripts, photographs, color separation films, printing plates, etc., and the production control information flow is expressed in the form of dictation, subpena, order, etc. transfer. Both types of information flow have nothing to do with digitalization.

Due to the advancement of electronic technology, the appearance of electronic color separation machines has enabled graphic reproduction to enter the electronic and partial digitization stages. At the same time, the text information also entered the computer processing stage. At this point, the graphic and information flow has reached the goal of digitization and partial digitization. Production control information flow is also managed by a small number of computers. At this stage (computer typesetting/electronic color separation), the degree of correlation between the two types of information flow is still low.

“Desktop Publishing Technology (DTP)” is a period of revolutionary change in the digitization of graphic and text information and the extensive application of computer information processing in prepress processing. After its baptism, the information flow has been fully digitized.

At this stage, people use a keyboard to input text, use a mouse, and use a digital tablet to perform graphic input, apply a scanner to digitize images, perform typesetting, graphic composition, graphic processing, image correction, and editing in a computer. Printing color separation and other processing, eventually forming a computer language description of the printed page, and use "RIP" to form a layout information that can be recorded, output component color film through a laser phototypesetting machine and other equipment, after printing, printing to get printed matter, and then after printing Processing to obtain the final printed product.


Due to the "open architecture" of the DIP system, there is no obvious obstacle to the transmission of graphic and textual information between various prepress systems. Taking the appearance of the "Direct Imaging (DI) Press" in 1991, the flow of graphic and text information broke through the limitations of the prepress area and was passed on to the printing press for plate making and printing, demonstrating the prevalence of all-digital informatization. At this stage, the printer also achieved full computer digital control.

At this point, it should be noted that the digitized process flow for the dissemination of information has been established, but the production and delivery mechanisms for production control information have not been completely established in the entire process, and the production control information flow cannot be smoothly integrated with the graphic and information flow. One.


As the digitization of information continues to deepen, the digitalization of production control information flow is gradually realized. Currently, "integrated integration" of graphic information flow and production control information flow has been realized.
In 1993, initiated by Heidelberg Druckmaschinen AG, dozens of prepress, printing and postpress companies participated in the establishment of the CIP3 organization. At the Drupa Fair in 2000, the organization changed CIP3 to CIP4. Its basic aims were:

In the entire printing process, from the beginning of the printing task and the pre-press processing, various digital production control information is collected and acquired, and is continuously updated along with the graphic reproduction process, and is gradually transmitted to the printing and post-press processing processes. On the equipment involved, the printing and postpress processes are controlled so that the entire production process and the status of the production equipment are under the control of the production control information flow, achieving the goal of reasonable, efficient, and high-quality production.


We can clearly see that in the face of increasingly fierce competition, in order to continuously improve the efficiency and quality of printed products, various control information in the process of prepress, printing, and postpress processing is incorporated into computer management, and digital control information is used. Flow connects the entire printing production process. This is the basic tenet of the “digital workflow”. The establishment of an integrated digital workflow is a more full and effective application of graphic and textual information flow and production control information flow at a higher level than ever to obtain higher benefits. This is also the work of CIP3/CIP4 organizations. The ultimate goal.

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