"Beneficial cholesterol" or high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which increases the risk of breast cancer, is considered a "good cholesterol". High levels of HDL can prevent heart disease. However, it is often said that "A Bear's Paw, A's Arsenic", animal experiments show that high levels of HDL will also increase the risk of breast cancer and increase the degree of cancer malignancy. Researchers led by Dr. Philippe Frank, Thomas Jefferson ’s Department of College Studentization and Molecular Biology, found that HDL receptors indicated by breast cancer cells have an important role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. This molecule may be a new target for the treatment of breast cancer. Related reports were published in the recent Breast Cancer Research magazine. In order to study the effect of HDL on cancer cells at the molecular level, scientists led by Dr. Frank added HDL to the cultured breast cancer cell line and observed the changes of cancer cells to find that cancer cells began to metastasize. Scientists further used RNA interference technology to suppress the expression level of HDL receptor SR-BI indicated by cancer cells, and found that HDL-induced tumor progression was delayed. Compared with normal levels of SR-BI cancer cells, SR-BI downregulated the growth rate of cancer cells Slow down, the transfer capacity is significantly reduced. More importantly, in the mouse model, down-regulation of SR-BI levels will reduce tumor formation. Scientists further blocked the function of the SR-BI receptor through BLT-1 drugs and found that tumor formation was also inhibited. This study supports the hypothesis that HDL plays a role in the development of breast cancer. Influencing the function of SR-BI receptor on the surface of breast cancer can inhibit the HDL pathway and delay the growth of cancer cells.
Manual burr grinders are turned by hand, rotating one grinding surface against the other. Coffee mills usually have a handle, providing leverage for the many turns required to grind enough coffee for a cup. The ground coffee is collected in a container which is part of the mill.
Salt, pepper, and spice mills, essentially the same as coffee mills, usually do not have a handle, the entire top rotating instead. While this is less convenient, only a few turns are required to grind enough. The ground product falls directly onto the food being seasoned; the mill has no container. A few designs have abrasive surfaces which do not rotate; each squeeze of the handles moves one flat plate past another, then the plates are restored to their original position by a spring. Many hard spices are available in containers incorporating a simple cone burr grinder, intended to be discarded when empty.
Most grinders can be adjusted to set the fineness of grind.
Manual mills can be used for grinding other food products than they are intended for, but mills designed for pepper grinding are inappropriate for producing finely-ground flour. Laura Ingalls Wilder's novel The Long Winter describes a family grinding wheat in a coffee mill to make flour during months of hardship.
The first Coffee Grinder was made by Richard Dearmann, an English blacksmith from Birmingham, in 1799. Then this grinder was widely distributed in the US, where Increase Wilson patented the first wall coffee grinder in 1818.[citation needed]
Peugeot of France patented a Pepper Grinder in 1842. The mechanism of case-hardened steel cracked the peppercorns before the actual grinding process. The grooves on the Peugeot mechanism were individually cut into the metal and then case-hardened, making them very durable.[citation needed]
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