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Adam Smith of England is the world's most famous outstanding representative of economics. His theoretical center is economic liberalism. He advocates international trade in absolute costs. The Swedish economist E. Heckscher pioneered environmental cost theory in the proposed environmental factor endowment theory. He divided environmental elements into three categories: natural resources (including land), capital, and labor. The natural resources are divided into five categories: agricultural and forestry resources, fishery and hunting resources, mineral resources, hydraulic resources, and transportation resources. The theory represented by them played a positive role in the industrial revolution and international trade of Western countries and had a great impact on the development of the world economy. The theories they advocate, such as "natural advantage" production (ie, environmental cost theory), international trade and international division of labor, are more vital nowadays.
Environmental cost refers to the sum of the cost for solving and compensating for environmental pollution, ecological damage, and loss of resources during the production, use, transportation, and recycling of products. Generally speaking, it consists of three parts: first, the normal costs for resource extraction, acquisition, and use; and second, the cost of environmental cleanup and environmental damage associated with resource extraction, acquisition, use, product use, and recycling; It is due to the loss of benefits that contemporary people have used this part of the resource and cannot use for future generations. World environment and development, packaging and environmental protection all have environmental costs.
According to the principle of economics, any product and activity cannot be separated from the environment, so all products and activities have environmental costs. For example, the reality is that environmental resources are overutilized or misused. Enterprises and enterprises discharge waste water and sewage into rivers to pollute the water. The factory discharges waste air into the air and pollutes the fresh air. People disregard wastes and randomly place it in the polluted environment. The main reason for this... The main reason is that the cost of using the environment has not entered cost accounting, and polluters have not paid for environmental pollution, but this does not mean that humans do not pay a price. In general, such costs are borne by society, organizations, or other people. This is an extremely unreasonable phenomenon. According to the United Nations "Environment and Development Principles" and "WTO Three Principles", only by allowing relevant organizations (companies, companies, manufacturers) or units to bear these costs, can the world's environmental resources enter the market system's resource allocation and thus prevent environmental resources. Abuse and environmental pollution to ensure the human environment and development.
In order to maintain an environment of fair competition in international trade, the WTO proposes "three principles" (principle of sustainability, principle of coordination, and principle of fairness), with special emphasis on the fact that each member country must not implement a subsidy trade strategy. For example, when a country’s environmental standards are low and its enterprises are unable to bear the huge costs of environmental pollution control, in order to protect their own ecological environment, the government provides environmental subsidies for their products and transfers the environmental costs that should have been borne by the enterprises. Social commitment, which clearly violates the principle of fair trade. At the same time, because the country’s cost of export products/packages does not include environmental costs, it can export to other countries at a lower sales price, which in turn constitutes an “eco-dumping†and is bound to encounter anti-dumping actions in other countries. . Therefore, the WTO advocates the implementation of the "Three Principles" in international trade and the use of eco-labelling to ensure the principle of fairness in international trade.
In addition, more importantly, the implementation of environmental costing is conducive to the integration of environmental costs into the national economic accounting system, the establishment of resource value compensation mechanisms and market competition mechanisms, and the rational adjustment of the flow direction, structure, and scale of environmental factors to prevent the alienation of scarce resources. "For environmental pollution. By costing the environment, it can not only solve the source of funds for environmental protection, but also truly reflect the value of products. It is conducive to the optimal allocation of domestic environmental resources, is conducive to the optimal allocation of domestic environmental resources, and utilizes both domestic and international resources. The two markets will optimize the use of environmental resources in a wider context and achieve the goal of protecting the environment, so that the world's "environment and development" will be synchronized.
Very suitable for color printing a transition picture printed without too much tedious process convenient printing directly using textile ink printing, OK after a direct heating Heat Transfer Machine. Make the color more adhesive.
The traditional way of printing, such as screen printing to do the transition according to the pictures of all the colors, so printing out the effect of color lines, in the middle of the two kinds of color, it is difficult to reflect the color transition according to the picture itself. But many products require the trademark printing, logo such as high precision and high complexity of the pattern, gifts, arts and crafts industry application is more extensive, the textile printer can perfectly meet the requirements, fully reflects the strong market potential. It breaks through the bottleneck of screen printing, heat transfer printing and so on, and finds a new profit growth point for customers.
Environmental costs of green packaging
One great man said: Economics is the oldest art and the most novel science. In fact, all human activities are inseparable from economics. The world environment and development, and packaging and environmental protection are inseparable from economics. To understand the theory of environmental costs in economics, it is necessary to introduce two major theories in economics: one is Adam Smith's absolute cost theory; the other is Elif Heckscher's Environmental cost theory.